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Mauritania

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Mauritania
Islamic Republic, sovereign state, country
Part ofWest Africa, North Africa Edit
Year dem found am28 November 1960 Edit
Official nameالجمهورية الإسلامية الموريتانية Edit
Native labelالجمهورية الإسلامية الموريتانية Edit
Short name🇲🇷 Edit
Dem name afterMoors, Mauretania Edit
Official languageArabic Edit
AnthemNational anthem of Mauritania Edit
Cultureculture of Mauritania Edit
Motto textشرف إخاء عدل, Honor, Fraternity, Justice, Чест, братство, справедливост, Honra, Fraternidade, Xustiza, Anrhydedd, Brawdoliaeth, Cyfiawnder Edit
ContinentAfrica Edit
CountryMauritania Edit
CapitalNouakchott Edit
Located in time zoneUTC±00:00, Africa/Nouakchott Edit
Located in or next to body of waterAtlantic Ocean Edit
Located in/on physical featureSahel Edit
Coordinate location21°0′0″N 11°0′0″W Edit
Coordinates of easternmost point25°0′0″N 4°50′0″W Edit
Coordinates of northernmost point27°18′0″N 8°40′12″W Edit
Coordinates of southernmost point14°43′16″N 12°3′17″W Edit
Coordinates of westernmost point20°46′17″N 17°2′50″W Edit
Highest pointKediet ej Jill Edit
Lowest pointSebkha de Ndrhamcha Edit
Office held by head of statePresident of Mauritania Edit
State ein headMohamed Ould Ghazouani Edit
Office head of government holdPrime Minister of Mauritania Edit
Government ein headMohamed Ould Bilal Edit
Executive bodyGovernment of Mauritania Edit
Legislative bodyMauritanian Parliament Edit
Central bankCentral Bank of Mauritania Edit
CurrencyMauritanian ouguiya Edit
Dey share bother plusWestern Sahara, Algeria, Mali, Senegal Edit
Driving sideright Edit
Electrical plug typeEuroplug Edit
Dey replaceFrench West Africa Edit
HashtagMauritania Edit
Top-level Internet domain.mr Edit
Flagflag of Mauritania Edit
Coat of armsSeal of Mauritania Edit
Geography of topicgeography of Mauritania Edit
Get characteristicnot-free country Edit
History of topichistory of Mauritania Edit
Economy of topiceconomy of Mauritania Edit
Demographics of topicdemographics of Mauritania Edit
MadhhabMalikism Edit
Mobile country code609 Edit
Country calling code+222 Edit
Emergency phone number101, 117, 118 Edit
Licence plate codeRIM Edit
Maritime identification digits654 Edit
Unicode character🇲🇷 Edit
Category for mapsCategory:Maps of Mauritania Edit
Map

Mauritania, formally de Islamic Republic of Mauritania, be sovereign country insyd Northwest Africa. Ebe bordered by de Atlantic Ocean to de west, Western Sahara to de north den northwest, Algeria to de northeast, Mali to de east den southeast, den Senegal to de southwest. By land area Mauritania be de 11th-largest country insyd Africa den 28th-largest insyd de world; 90% of ein territory dey insyd de Sahara. Chaw of ein population of sam 4.3 million dey live insyd de temperate south of de country, plus roughly a third concentrate insyd de capital den largest city, Nouakchott, for de Atlantic coast.

Government den politics

Administrative divisions

De government bureaucracy dey composed of traditional ministries, special agencies, den parastatal companies. De Ministry of Interior dey spearhead a system of regional governors wey e dey prefect modeled for de French system of local administration. Under dis system, dem divide Mauritania into 15 regions (wilaya anaa régions).

Dem tightly concentrate control insyd de executive branch of de central government, buh na a series of national den municipal elections since 1992 produce limited decentralization. Dem subdivide dese regions into 44 departments (moughataa).[1]

De regions den capital district den dema capitals be:

Region Capital #
Adrar Atar 1
Assaba Kiffa 2
Brakna Aleg 3
Dakhlet Nouadhibou Nouadhibou 4
Gorgol Kaédi 5
Guidimaka Sélibaby 6
Hodh Ech Chargui Néma 7
Hodh El Gharbi Ayoun el Atrous 8
Inchiri Akjoujt 9
Nouakchott-Nord Dar-Naim 10
Nouakchott-Ouest Tevragh-Zeina 10
Nouakchott-Sud Arafat 10
Tagant Tidjikdja 11
Tiris Zemmour Zouérat 12
Trarza Rosso 13

Demographics

Mauritania get a population of about 4.3 million, roughly a third concentrate insyd de capital den largest city, Nouakchott, for de Atlantic coast. De local population be composed of three main ethnicities: Bidhan anaa white Moors, Haratin anaa black moors, den West Africans. 30% Bidhan, 40% Haratin, den 30% odas (mostly Black Sub-Saharans). Local statistics bureau estimations dey indicate say de Bidhan dey represent around 30% of citizens. Dem dey speak Hassaniya Arabic den be primarily of Arab-Berber origin. De Haratin dey constitute roughly 35% of de population, plus chaw estimates wey dey put dem at around 40%. Dem be descendants of de original inhabitants of de Tassili n'Ajjer and Acacus Mountain sites during de Epipalaeolithic era.[2][3] De remaining 30% of de population largely dey consist of various ethnic groups of West African descent. Among dese be de Niger-Congo-speaking Halpulaar (Fulbe), Soninke, Bambara den Wolof.[4]

Largest cities

Largest cities anaa towns insyd Mauritania

citypopulation.de

Rank Name Region Pop.
1 Nouakchott Nouakchott 1,195,600
2 Nouadhibou Dakhlet Nouadhibou 118,167
3 Kiffa Assaba 60,005
4 Néma Hodh Ech Chargui 57,000
5 Rosso Traza 51,026
6 Kaédi Gorgol 45,539
7 Zouérat Tiris Zemmour 44,469
8 Sélibaby Guidimaka 26,420
9 Atar Adrar 25,190
10 Aïoun Hodh El Gharbi 22,796

Religion

Mauritania be almost 100% Muslim, plus chaw inhabitants dey adher to de Sunni denomination.[4] De Sufi orders, de Tijaniyah den de Qadiriyyah, get great influence no be insyd de country per, buh insyd Morocco, Algeria, Senegal den oda neighboring countries as well. De Roman Catholic Diocese of Nouakchott, dem found insyd 1965, dey serve de 4,500 Catholics insyd Mauritania (mostly foreign residents wey komot West Africa den Europe). Insyd 2020, na dem estimate de number of Christians insyd Mauritania at 10,000.[5]

Der be extreme restrictions for freedom of religion den belief insyd Mauritania; ebe one of 13 countries insyd de world wey dey punish atheism by death.[6]

Languages

Arabic be de official den national language of Mauritania. De local spoken variety, dem know as Hassaniya, dey contain chaw Berber words wey e significantly dey differ from de Modern Standard Arabic wey dem dey use for official communication. Pulaar, Soninke, den Wolof sanso dey serve as national languages.[4] Despite e no get official status, dem dey use French as an administrative language den as a medium of instruction insyd schools.[7][8] Dem sanso dey use am widely insyd de media, business, den among educated classes.[9]

Education

Since 1999, all teaching insyd de first year of primary school dey insyd Modern Standard Arabic; dem introduce French insyd de second year, wey dem dey use am teach all scientific courses.[10] De use of English dey increase.[11]

Mauritania get de University of Nouakchott den oda institutions of higher education, buh de majority of highly educated Mauritanians study outsyd de country. Na public expenditure for education be at 10.1% of 2000–2007 government expenditure.[12] Na dem rank Mauritania 126th out of 139 insyd de Global Innovation Index insyd 2024.[13]

References

  1. ↑ "MAURITANIA: Administrative Division Departments and Communes". Archived from the original on 8 May 2023. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  2. ↑ Anthony Appiah; Henry Louis Gates (2010). Encyclopedia of Africa. Oxford University Press. p. 549. ISBN 978-0-19-533770-9., Quote: "Haratine. Social caste in several northwestern African countries consisting of blacks, many of whom are former slaves (...)"
  3. ↑ Gast, M. (2000). "Harṭâni". Encyclopédie berbère – Hadrumetum – Hidjaba (in French). 22.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "The World Factbook – Africa – Mauritania". CIA. Archived from the original on 7 January 2021. Retrieved 24 Dec 2020.
  5. ↑ A. Lamport, Mark (2021). Encyclopedia of Christianity in the Global South. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 497. ISBN 9781442271579. Influences—Christian influences in Mauritanian society are limited to the approximately 10,000 foreign nationals living in the country
  6. ↑ Evans, Robert (9 December 2012). "Atheists around world suffer persecution, discrimination: report". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
  7. ↑ Mauritania denies banning French from parliament Archived 18 December 2023 at the Wayback Machine, BBC News, 10 Feb 2020.
  8. ↑ La Mauritanie adopte une loi contestée sur les langues à l'école Archived 9 December 2023 at the Wayback Machine (Mauritania adopts contested law around languages at school), AfricaNews, 27 July 2022.
  9. ↑ "Mauritania: Encyclopædia Britannica". Archived from the original on 9 April 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2016.
  10. ↑ "Education system in Mauritania". Bibl.u-szeged.hu. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 4 July 2010.
  11. ↑ "English is All the Rage in Mauritania – Al-Fanar Media". Al-Fanar Media (in American English). 2015-08-29. Archived from the original on 22 May 2020. Retrieved 2018-06-10.
  12. ↑ "Human Development Report 2009 – Mauritania". Hdrstats.undp.org. Archived from the original on 8 July 2010. Retrieved 4 July 2010.
  13. ↑ World Intellectual Property Organization (2024). "Global Innovation Index 2024. Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship". www.wipo.int. Geneva. p. 18. doi:10.34667/tind.50062. ISBN 978-92-805-3681-2. Retrieved 2024-10-22.

Read further

  • Foster, Noel (2010). Mauritania: The Struggle for Democracy. Lynne Rienner Publishers. ISBN 978-1935049302.
  • Hudson, Peter (1991). Travels in Mauritania. Flamingo. ISBN 978-0006543589.
  • Murphy, Joseph E (1998). Mauritania in Photographs. Crossgar Press. ISBN 978-1892277046.
  • "Slavery's last stronghold". CNN. Archived from the original on 19 February 2014. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
  • Pazzanita, Anthony G (2008). Historical Dictionary of Mauritania. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0810855960.
  • Ruf, Urs (2001). Ending Slavery: Hierarchy, Dependency and Gender in Central Mauritania. Transcript Verlag. ISBN 978-3933127495.
  • Sene, Sidi (2011). The Ignored Cries of Pain and Injustice from Mauritania. Trafford Publishing. ISBN 978-1426971617.
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