Chad

Chad

sovereign state, landlocked country, country

Part of	Central Africa
Year dem found am	11 August 1960
Official name	Tchad, la République du Tchad, Republic of Chad
Native label	République du Tchad, جُمْهُورِيَّة تشاد
Short name	🇹🇩
Dem name after	Lake Chad
Official language	French, Arabic
Anthem	La Tchadienne
Culture	culture of Chad
Continent	Africa
Country	Chad
Capital	N'Djamena
Located in time zone	UTC+01:00, Africa/Ndjamena
Located in or next to body of water	Lake Chad
Located in/on physical feature	Sahel
Coordinate location	15°28′0″N 19°24′0″E
Coordinates of easternmost point	15°41′56″N 24°0′0″E
Coordinates of northernmost point	23°26′57″N 16°0′0″E
Coordinates of southernmost point	7°26′35″N 15°48′0″E
Coordinates of westernmost point	14°25′0″N 13°28′13″E
Highest point	Emi Koussi
Lowest point	Bodélé Depression
Office held by head of state	President of Chad
State ein head	Mahamat Déby Itno
Office head of government hold	President of Chad
Government ein head	Idriss Déby
Executive body	Government of Chad
Legislative body	National Assembly
Highest judicial authority	Supreme Court of Chad
Central bank	Bank of Central African States
Currency	Central African CFA franc
Twinned administrative body	Aisai
Driving side	right
Electrical plug type	AC power plugs and sockets: British and related types, Type E, Schuko, Europlug
Hashtag	Chad
Top-level Internet domain	.td
Flag	flag of Chad
Coat of arms	coat of arms of Chad
Geography of topic	geography of Chad
Get characteristic	not-free country
History of topic	history of Chad
Economy of topic	economy of Chad
Demographics of topic	demographics of Chad
Madhhab	Malikism
Mobile country code	622
Country calling code	+235
Emergency phone number	17, 18, 2251-4242
Licence plate code	TCH, TD
Maritime identification digits	670
Unicode character	🇹🇩
Category for maps or plans	Category:Maps of Chad

Chad (/tʃæd/ (listen)), alias de Republic of Chad, be sam landlocked country for de crossroads of North den Central Africa. Edey share border plus Libya to de north, Sudan to de east, de Central African Republic to de south, Cameroon to de southwest, Nigeria to de southwest (at Lake Chad), den Niger to de west. Chad get de population of 16 million, of which 1.6 million dey de capital den de largest city of N'Djamena. Plus total area of around 1,284,000 km2 (496,000 sq mi), Chad be de fifth-largest country insyd Africa den de twentieth largest nation by area for de world insyd.

Chad get chaw regions: desert zone insyd de north, arid Sahelian belt insyd de centre den more fertile Sudanian Savanna zone insyd de south. Lake Chad, after which dem name de country, be de second-largest wetland insyd Africa. Chad ein official languages be Arabic den French. Ebe home to ova 200 different ethnic den linguistic groups. Islam (55.1%) den Christianity (41.1%) be de main religions dem dey practice for Chad insyd.

Demographics

Largest cities, towns, den municipalities

Cities of Chad

Rank	City	Population		Region
		1993 Census	2009 Census
1.	N'Djaména	530,965	951,418	N'Djaména
2.	Moundou	99,530	137,251	Logone Occidental
3.	Abéché	54,628	97,963	Ouaddaï
4.	Sarh	75,496	97,224	Moyen-Chari
5.	Kélo	31,319	57,859	Tandjilé
6.	Am Timan	21,269	52,270	Salamat
7.	Doba	17,920	49,647	Logone Oriental
8.	Pala	26,116	49,461	Mayo-Kebbi Ouest
9.	Bongor	20,448	44,578	Mayo-Kebbi Est
10.	Goz Beïda	3,083	41,248	Sila

Languages

Chad ein official languages be Arabic den French, buh dem dey speak ova 100 languages. De Chadic branch of de Afroasiatic language family get ein name from Chad, wey dozens of languages native to de country dey represent. Chad sanso be home to Central Sudanic, Maban, den chaw Niger-Congo languages.

Due to de important role itinerant Arab traders den settled merchants play for local communities insyd, Chadian Arabic cam turn lingua franca.

Government den politics

Administrative divisions

No.	Region	Pop'n (2009)	Pop'n (1 July 2023)	Est. Area (sq km)	Capital	Departments
1	Batha	488,458	748,395	93,732	Ati	Batha Est, Batha Ouest, Fitri
22	Chari-Baguirmi	578,425	884,924	47,226	Massenya	Baguirmi, Chari, Loug Chari
23	Hadjer-Lamis	566,858	870,231	31,376	Massakory	Dababa, Dagana , Haraze Al Biar
5	Wadi Fira	508,383	792,394	56,362	Biltine	Biltine, Dar Tama, Kobé
2	Bahr el Gazel	257,267	407,256	58,525	Moussoro	Barh El Gazel Nord, Barh El Gazel Sud
3	Borkou	93,584	154,865	271,513	Faya-Largeau	Borkou, Borkou Yala
8	Ennedi-Est	107,302	175,321	81,696	Am-Djarass	Am-Djarass, Wadi Hawar
12	Ennedi-Ouest	60,617	109,753	117,686	Fada	Fada, Mourtcha
9	Guéra	538,359	824,161	62,678	Mongo	Abtouyour, Barh Signaka, Guéra, Mangalmé
13	Kanem	333,387	505,839	70,516	Mao	Kanem, Nord Kanem, Wadi Bissam
14	Lac	331,496	509,258	20,543	Bol	Mamdi, Wayi
11	Logone Occidental	689,044	1,053,958	8,969	Moundou	Dodjé, Guéni, Lac Wey, Ngourkosso
7	Logone Oriental	779,339	1,184,567	24,119	Doba	La Nya, La Nya Pendé, La Pendé, Kouh-Est, Kouh-Ouest, Monts de Lam
15	Mandoul	628,065	1,002,346	17,761	Koumra	Barh Sara, Mandoul Occidental, Mandoul Oriental
6	Mayo-Kebbi Est	774,782	1,179,260	18,458	Bongor	Kabbia, Mayo-Boneye, Mayo-Lémié, Mont d'Illi
10	Mayo-Kebbi Ouest	564,470	858,593	12,787	Pala	Lac Léré, Mayo-Dallah
19	Moyen-Chari	588,008	902,311	42,307	Sarh	Barh Kôh, Grande Sido, Lac Iro
4	Ouaddaï	721,166	1,102,467	30,790	Abéché	Abdi, Assoungha, Ouara
17	Salamat	302,301	470,256	69,631	Am Timan	Aboudeïa, Barh Azoum, Haraze-Mangueigne
18	Sila	387,461	591,300	36,745	Goz Beïda	Djourf Al Ahmar, Kimiti
20	Tandjilé	661,906	1,007,812	17,891	Laï	Tandjilé Est, Tandjilé Ouest
21	Tibesti	25,483	52,626	135,896	Bardaï	Tibesti Est, Tibesti Ouest
16	N'Djamena (capital)	951,418	1,434,592	408	N'Djamena	10 dawāʾir anaa arrondissements

References

Sources

• (insyd French) Alphonse, Dokalyo (2003) "Cinéma: un avenir plein d'espoir" Archived 28 September 2013 at archive.today, Tchad et Culture 214.
• "Background Note: Chad". September 2006. United States Department of State.
• (insyd French) Bambé, Naygotimti (April 2007); "Issa Serge Coelo, cinéaste tchadien: On a encore du travail à faire", Tchad et Culture 256.
• Botha, D.J.J. (December 1992); "S.H. Frankel: Reminiscences of an Economist", The South African Journal of Economics 60 (4): 246–255.
• Boyd-Buggs, Debra & Joyce Hope Scott (1999); Camel Tracks: Critical Perspectives on Sahelian Literatures. Lawrenceville: Africa World Press. ISBN 0-86543-757-2
• (Archived 2010 edition)
• "Chad". Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2006, 6 March 2007. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State.
• "Chad". Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2004, 28 February 2005. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State.
• "Chad". International Religious Freedom Report 2006. 15 September 2006. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State.
• "Amnesty International Report 2006 Archived 13 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine". Amnesty International Publications.
• "Chad" (PDF). African Economic Outlook 2007. OECD. May 2007. ISBN 978-92-64-02510-3
• "Chad". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. 15 May 2007.
• "Chad" (PDF). Women of the World: Laws and Policies Affecting Their Reproductive Lives – Francophone Africa. Center for Reproductive Rights. 2000
• . Freedom of the Press: 2007 Edition. Freedom House, Inc.
• "Chad". Human Rights Instruments. United Nations Commission on Human Rights. 12 December 1997.
• "Chad". Encyclopædia Britannica. (2000). Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
• "Chad, Lake". Encyclopædia Britannica. (2000).
• "Chad – Community Based Integrated Ecosystem Management Project" (PDF). 24 September 2002. World Bank.
• (PDF). Cultural Profiles Project. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. ISBN 0-7727-9102-3
• "Chad Urban Development Project" (PDF). 21 October 2004. World Bank.
• "Chad: Humanitarian Profile – 2006/2007" (PDF). 8 January 2007. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
• "Chad Livelihood Profiles" (PDF). March 2005. United States Agency for International Development.
• "Chad Poverty Assessment: Constraints to Rural Development" (PDF). World Bank. 21 October 1997.
• "Chad (2006) Archived 12 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine". Country Report: 2006 Edition. Freedom House, Inc.
• . Country Analysis Briefs. January 2007. Energy Information Administration.
• "Chad leader's victory confirmed", BBC News, 14 May 2006.
• "Chad may face genocide, UN warns", BBC News, 16 February 2007.
• (insyd French) Chapelle, Jean (1981); Le Peuple Tchadien: ses racines et sa vie quotidienne. Paris: L'Harmattan. ISBN 2-85802-169-4
• Chowdhury, Anwarul Karim & Sandagdorj Erdenbileg (2006); . New York: United Nations. ISBN 92-1-104540-1
• Collelo, Thomas (1990); Chad: A Country Study, 2d ed. Washington: U.S. GPO. ISBN 0-16-024770-5
• (insyd French) Dadnaji, Dimrangar (1999);
• East, Roger & Richard J. Thomas (2003); Profiles of People in Power: The World's Government Leaders. Routledge. ISBN 1-85743-126-X
• Dinar, Ariel (1995); Restoring and Protecting the World's Lakes and Reservoirs. World Bank Publications. ISBN 0-8213-3321-6
• (insyd French) Gondjé, Laoro (2003); "La musique recherche son identité", Tchad et Culture 214.
• "Chad: the Habré Legacy" Archived 13 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Amnesty International. 16 October 2001.
• Lange, Dierk (1988). "The Chad region as a crossroad" (PDF), in UNESCO General History of Africa – Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century, vol. 3: 436–460. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03914-8
• (insyd French) Lettre d'information (PDF). Délégation de la Commission Européenne au Tchad. N. 3. September 2004.
• Macedo, Stephen (2006); Universal Jurisdiction: National Courts and the Prosecution of Serious Crimes Under International Law. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1950-3
• (insyd French) Malo, Nestor H. (2003); "Littérature tchadienne : Jeune mais riche", Tchad et Culture 214.
• Manley, Andrew; "Chad's vulnerable president", BBC News, 15 March 2006.
• "Mirren crowned 'queen' at Venice", BBC News, 9 September 2006.
• (insyd French) Ndang, Tabo Symphorien (2005); "A qui Profitent les Dépenses Sociales au Tchad? Une Analyse d'Incidence à Partir des Données d'Enquête Archived 12 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine" (PDF). 4th PEP Research Network General Meeting. Poverty and Economic Policy.
• Pollack, Kenneth M. (2002); Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948–1991. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-3733-2
• "Rank Order – Area Archived 9 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. 10 May 2007.
• "Republic of Chad – Public Administration Country Profile Archived 14 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine" (PDF). United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. November 2004.
• Spera, Vincent (8 February 2004); . United States Department of Commerce.
• "Symposium on the evaluation of fishery resources in the development and management of inland fisheries". CIFA Technical Paper No. 2. FAO. 29 November – 1 December 1972.
• (insyd French) "Tchad". L'évaluation de l'éducation pour tous à l'an 2000: Rapport des pays. UNESCO, Education for All.
• (insyd French) "Tchad: vers le retour de la guerre?" (PDF). International Crisis Group. 1 June 2006.
• Wolfe, Adam; , PINR, 6 December 2006.
• World Bank (14 July 2006). World Bank, Govt. of Chad Sign Memorandum of Understanding on Poverty Reduction. Press release.
• World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision Population Database. 2006. United Nations Population Division.
• "Worst corruption offenders named", BBC News, 18 November 2005.
• Young, Neil (August 2002); An interview with Mahamet-Saleh Haroun, writer and director of Abouna ("Our Father").

External links

• Chad. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
• Chad country study from Library of Congress
• Chad profile from the BBC News
• Key Development Forecasts for Chad from International Futures