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Somalia

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Somalia
republic, sovereign state, federal republic, country
Part ofEast Africa Edit
Year dem found am1960 Edit
Official nameFederal Republic of Somalia, Soomaaliya, République fédérale de Somalie, Federalna Republika Somalii Edit
Native labelJamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال الفدرالية, Soomaaliya, 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖 Edit
Short name🇸🇴 Edit
Official languageSomali, Arabic Edit
AnthemQolobaa Calankeed Edit
Cultureculture of Somalia Edit
ContinentAfrica Edit
CountrySomalia Edit
CapitalMogadishu Edit
Located in time zoneUTC+03:00, Africa/Mogadishu Edit
Coordinate location6°0′0″N 47°0′0″E Edit
Coordinates of easternmost point10°25′0″N 51°16′0″E Edit
Coordinates of northernmost point11°58′48″N 50°46′48″E Edit
Highest pointShimbiris Edit
Lowest pointIndian Ocean Edit
Government ein basic formfederal republic Edit
Office held by head of statePresident of Somalia Edit
State ein headHassan Sheikh Mohamud Edit
Office head of government holdPrime Minister of Somalia Edit
Government ein headMohamed Hussein Roble Edit
Executive bodyFederal Government of Somalia Edit
Legislative bodyFederal Parliament of Somalia Edit
Central bankCentral Bank of Somalia Edit
Public holidayRepublic Day, New Year's Day Edit
CurrencySomali shilling Edit
Dey share bother plusDjibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya Edit
Driving sideright Edit
Electrical plug typeEuroplug Edit
Dey replaceSomali Democratic Republic Edit
Dema official website Edit
HashtagSomalia Edit
Top-level Internet domain.so Edit
FlagFlag of Somalia Edit
Coat of armscoat of arms of Somalia Edit
Geography of topicgeography of Somalia Edit
Get characteristicnot-free country Edit
History of topichistory of Somalia Edit
Open data portalSomalia Open Data Portal Edit
Economy of topiceconomy of Somalia Edit
Demographics of topicdemographics of Somalia Edit
Mobile country code637 Edit
Country calling code+252 Edit
Emergency phone number999, 888, 555 Edit
Licence plate codeSO Edit
Maritime identification digits666 Edit
Unicode character🇸🇴 Edit
Category for maps or plansCategory:Maps of Somalia Edit
Map

Somalia, officially de Federal Republic of Somalia[1] (Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya; Arabic: جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية), be country for de Horn of Africa. De country dey share border plus Ethiopia go de west, Djibouti[2] go de northwest, de Gulf of Aden go de north, de Indian Ocean go de east, den Kenya go de southwest. Somalia get de longest coastline for Africa ein mainland.[3] Ein terrain dey consist mainly of plateaus, plains, den highlands.[4] Hot conditions dey prevail year-round, plus periodic monsoon winds den irregular rainfall.[5] Somalia get estimated population of around 17.1 million,[6][7] wey ova 2 million dey live insyd de capital den largest city Mogadishu, wey dem describe am as Africa ein most culturally homogeneous country.[8][9] Around 85% of ein residents be ethnic Somalis,[4] wey historically dem inhabit de country ein north. Ethnic minorities dey largely concentrate insyd de south.[10] De official languages of Somalia be Somali den Arabic.[4] Chaw people for de country insyd be Muslims,[11] de majority of dem be Sunni.[12]

Somalia ein GDP per capita be one of de world ein lowest, wey edey belong to de least developed country group.[13] Insyd 2019, Somalia get de lowest HDI for de world insyd, den for de same year insyd, 69% of Somalia ein population dey live below de poverty line.[14] As of 2023, dem place Somalia de highest insyd de Fragile States Index.[15] Edey maintain informal economy wey mainly dey base for livestock top, remittances from Somalis wey dey job abroad, den telecommunications.[16] Ebe member of de United Nations,[17] de Arab League,[18] African Union,[19] Non-Aligned Movement,[20] East African Community,[21] den de Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.[22]

Geography

Administrative divisions

Dem divide Somalia into eighteen regions (gobollada, singular gobol),[4] wey in turn dem subdivide into districts. De regions be:

Regions of Somalia
Region Area (km2) Population Capital
Awdal 21,374 1,010,566 Borama
Bari 70,088 719,512 Bosaso
Nugal 26,180 392,697 Garowe
Mudug 72,933 717,863 Galkayo
Galguduud 46,126 569,434 Dusmareb
Hiran 31,510 520,685 Beledweyne
Middle Shabelle 22,663 516,036 Jowhar
Banaadir 370 1,650,227 Mogadishu
Lower Shabelle 25,285 1,202,219 Barawa
Togdheer 38,663 721,363 Burao
Bakool 26,962 367,226 Xuddur
Woqooyi Galbeed 28,836 1,242,003 Hargeisa
Bay 35,156 792,182 Baidoa
Gedo 60,389 508,405 Garbahaarreey
Middle Juba 9,836 362,921 Bu'aale
Lower Juba 42,876 489,307 Kismayo
Sanaag 53,374 544,123 Erigavo
Sool 25,036 327,428 Las Anod

Demographics

Urban areas

Largest cities anaa towns insyd Somalia
Rank Name Region Pop. Rank Name Region Pop.
1 Mogadishu Banaadir 2,610,000[23] 11 Baidoa bay 144,345[24]
2 Hargeisa Woqooyi Galbeed 1,127,000[23] 12 Galkayo Mudug 137,667[24]
3 Burao Togdheer 425,000[25] 13 Afgooye Lower Shabelle 135,012[24]
4 Beledweyne Hiran 227,761[24] 14 Qoryoley Lower Shabelle 134,205[24]
5 Jowhar Middle Shebelle 218,027[24] 15 Jamame Lower Juba 129,149[24]
6 Borama Awdal 215,616[24] 16 Burhakaba Bay 125,616[24]
7 Merca Lower Shabelle 192,939[24] 17 Balcad Middle Shabelle 120,434[24]
8 Kismayo Lower Juba 166,667[24] 18 Erigavo Sanaag 114,846[24]
9 Bosaso Bari 164,906[24] 19 Jilib Middle Juba 113,415[24]
10 Wanlaweyn Lower Shabelle 155,643[24] 20 Bardere Gedo 106,172[24]

List

Name Portrait Birth–Death Elected Took office Left office Political party
• Somali Republic (1960–1969) •
1 Aden Adde 1908–2007 1960 1 July 1960 10 June 1967 SYL
2 Abdirashid Shermarke 1919–1969 1967 10 June 1967 15 October 1969

(Assassinated)

SYL
— Sheikh Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein

Acting President

1912–2012 — 15 October 1969 21 October 1969

(Deposed)

SYL
• Somali Democratic Republic (1969–1991) •
3 Siad Barre[26] 1919–1995 1980

1986

21 October 1969 26 January 1991

(Deposed)

Military /

SRSP

• Interim Government of Somalia (1991–1997) •
4 Ali Mahdi Muhammad 1939– 1991 27 January 1991 3 January 1997 USC
5 Mohamed Farrah Aidid 1934— 1996 3 January 1995 1 August 1996 Independent
6 Hussein Farrah Aidid 1962 — 1 August 1996 20 March 1998 Independent
— Somali National Alliance — 20 March 1998 2000 Co-Chairmen of National Salvation Council
— Somalia Reconciliation and Restoration Council — 2000 27 August 2000 Independent
• Transitional National Government of Somalia (2000–2004) •
7 Mohamed Abshir Muse 1926 – 2017 13 August 2000 22 August 2000 Independent
8 Abdallah Isaaq Deerow 1950–2006 22 August 2000 27 August 2000 Independent
9 Abdiqasim Salad 1941– 2000 27 August 2000 1 July 2003 Independent
10 Abdinur Darman 1953– 1 July 2003 14 October 2003 Independent
9 Abdiqasim Salad 1941– 14 October 2003 14 October 2004 Independent
• Transitional Federal Government of Somalia (2004–2012) •
11 Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed 1934–2012 2004 14 October 2004 29 December 2008

(Resigned)

Independent
12 Sharif Sheikh Ahmed 1964– 5 June 2006 29June 2006 Islamic Courts Union
13 Hassan Dahir Aweys 1935— 29 June 2006 29 December 2006 Islamic Courts Union
14 Aden Madobe

Acting President

1957– — 29 December 2008 31 January 2009 RRA
12 Sharif Sheikh Ahmed 1964– 2009 31 January 2009 20 August 2012 ARS
• Federal Republic of Somalia (2012–present) •
15 Muse Hassan Sheikh Sayid Abdulle

Acting President

1939– — 20 August 2012 28 August 2012 Independent
16 Mohamed Osman Jawari

Acting President

1945–2024 — 28 August 2012 16 September 2012 Independent
17 Hassan Sheikh Mohamud 1955– 2012 16 September 2012 16 February 2017 PDP
18 Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed 1962– 2017 16 February 2017 16 February 2021 TPP
17 Hassan Sheikh Mohamud 1955– 2021 16 February 2021 16 February 2022 PDP
17 Hassan Sheikh Mohamud 1955– 2022 16 February 2022 6 June 2022 PDP
— H.E.Sadia Haji Samatar 1955– 6 June 2022 28 August 2022 PDP
17 Hassan Sheikh Mohamud 1955– — 28 August 2022 Incumbent PDP

References

  1. ↑ "Federal Republic of Somalia" (PDF). www.somaliweyn.com. 2 October 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  2. ↑ "Somalia". Britannica. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  3. ↑ "Coastline". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 16 July 2017. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "Somalia". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 10 November 2021.
  5. ↑ "Somalia – Climate". countrystudies.us. 14 May 2009.
  6. ↑ "World Population Prospects 2022". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  7. ↑ "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX) ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  8. ↑ Ismail, AA (2010). Somali state failure: Players, incentives and institutions. What is more puzzling is how this could happen in a country like Somalia, the most homogeneous country in Africa both ethnically, religiously, culturally, and linguistically
  9. ↑ Woldemichael, B (1993). Decentralisation amidst poverty and disunity: The Sudan, 1969–1983. Somalia, the only homogeneous country in Africa – all its people being ethnic Somalis speaking the same language and professing the same religion
  10. ↑ Abdullahi 2001, pp. 8–11.
  11. ↑ "Middle East Policy Council – Muslim Populations Worldwide". Mepc.org. 1 December 2005. Archived from the original on 14 December 2006. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
  12. ↑ Abdullahi 2001, p. 1.
  13. ↑ "LDCs at a Glance | Department of Economic and Social Affairs". www.un.org. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  14. ↑ "Overview". World Bank. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  15. ↑ "Fragile States Index 2023". Fund for Peace. 14 June 2023.
  16. ↑ "Central Bank of Somalia – Economy and Finance". Somalbanca.org. Archived from the original on 24 January 2009. Retrieved 30 December 2010.
  17. ↑ "Member States". United Nations. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  18. ↑ "Member States". League of Arab States (in Arabic). Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  19. ↑ "Member State Profiles". African Union. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  20. ↑ "Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) | What is the Non-Aligned Movement?". Nuclear Threat Initiative. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  21. ↑ "Somalia joins East African Community". 24 November 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  22. ↑ "Member States". Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "Somalia". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  24. ↑ 24.00 24.01 24.02 24.03 24.04 24.05 24.06 24.07 24.08 24.09 24.10 24.11 24.12 24.13 24.14 24.15 24.16 "Somalia City & Town Population". www.tageo.com. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  25. ↑ "Dawladda Hoose ee Burco". www.burao.org. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
  26. ↑ Also styled as President of Supreme Revolutionary Council

Bibliography

  • Abdullahi, Mohamed Diriye (2001). Culture and Customs of Somalia. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-31333-2.
  • Alpers, Edward A. (1976). "Gujarat and the Trade of East Africa, c. 1500–1800". The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 9 (1): 22–44. doi:10.2307/217389. JSTOR 217389.
  • Gebru Tareke (2009). The Ethiopian Revolution: War in the Horn of Africa. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-14163-4.
  • Laitin, David D. (1977). Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-46791-7.
  • Lecarme, Jacqueline; Maury, Carole (1987). "A Software Tool for Research in Linguistics and Lexicography: Application to Somali". Computers and Translation. 2 (1): 21–36. doi:10.1007/BF01540131. S2CID 6515240.
  • Mauri, Arnaldo, Somalia, in G, Dell'Amore (ed.), "Banking Systems of Africa", Cariplo-Finafrica, Milan, 1971, pp. 209–217.Banking Development in Somalia
  • Samatar, Said S. (1982). Oral Poetry and Somali Nationalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-10457-9.
  • Schraeder, Peter J. (2006). "From Irredentism to Secession: The Decline of Pan-Somali Nationalism". In Lowell W. Barrington, ed., After Independence: Making and Protecting the Nation in Postcolonial and Postcommunist States (pp. 107–137). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-09898-9.
  • Shay, Shaul. Somalia in Transition Since 2006. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2014.
  • Warmington, Eric Herbert (1995). The Commerce Between the Roman Empire and India. South Asia Books. ISBN 81-215-0670-0.
  • Zolberg, Aristide R.; Suhrke, Astri; Aguayo, Sergio (1989). Escape from Violence: Conflict and the Refugee Crisis in the Developing World. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-505592-4.
  • A. Rosati; A. Tewolde; C. Mosconi (2007). Animal Production and Animal Science Worldwide. Wageningen Academic Pub. p. 169. ISBN 978-90-8686-034-0.
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