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ECOWAS

From Wikipedia
Economic Community of West African States
Regional Economic Communities, intergovernmental organization
Year dem found am28 May 1975 Edit
Official nameEconomic Community of West African States, Communauté économique des États de l’Afrique de l’Ouest, Comunidade Económica dos Estados da África Ocidental Edit
Native labelWestafrikanische Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft Edit
Field for workeconomic integration, military policy Edit
ChairpersonBola Tinubu Edit
General secretaryOmar Touray Edit
Official languageFrench, English, Portuguese Edit
Edey de administrative territorial entity insydWest Africa Edit
Partnership withInternational Fund for Agricultural Development Edit
Demma headquarters locationAbuja Edit
Dema official websitehttp://www.ecowas.int/ Edit
Official observer status in organisationUnited Nations General Assembly, International Organization for Migration Edit

De Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS; dem san know am as CEDEAO insyd French den Portuguese) ebe regional political den economic union for fifteen countries wey dey insyd West Africa. Collectively, dese countries dey comprise area of 5,114,162 km2 (1,974,589 sq mi) wey e get estimated population of ova 424.34 million.[1]

Dem dey consider am as ebe one of de pillar regional blocs for de continent-wide African Economic Community (AEC), dem state de goal of ECOWAS be say dem go achieve "collective self-sufficiency" for ein member states as dem dey create single large trade bloc by building a full economic den trading union. Additionally, ECOWAS dey aim make e raise living standards den promote economic development.[2] Na dem establish de union for 28 May 1975, plus de signing of de Treaty of Lagos, plus ein mission dem state make e promote economic integration across de region. Na dem gree version dem revise of de treaty wey dem sign am for 24 July 1993 insyd Cotonou, de largest city for Benin insyd.[3]

ECOWAS ein fundamental principles dey rely for equity, inter-dependence, solidarity, co-operation, nonaggression, regional peace, promotion of human rights, den economic and social justice top.[4]

Notably among ECOWAS ein protocols den plans be de ECOWAS Free Movement of Persons, Residences and Establishment Protocol den de Ecotour Action Plan 2019–2029. De Free Movement of Persons Protocol dey permit citizens de right make dem enter den reside for any member state ein territory insyd,[5] den de Ecotour Action Plan dey aim make e develop den integrate de tourist industry of each member state.[6]

De ECOWAS san dey serve as peacekeeping force insyd de region, plus member states wey occasionally dem dey send joint military forces go intervene de bloc ein member countries if dem dey political instability den unrest insyd.[7][8]

Member states

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As of February 2017, ECOWAS get 15 member states; eight of dem be French-speaking, five be English-speaking, den two Portuguese-speaking. All current members dey join de community as ein founding members insyd May 1975, ebe only Cape Verde wey join insyd 1977.[9][10]

De only former member of ECOWAS be Arabic-speaking Mauritania, wey dem san be one of de founding members insyd 1975 den decide say ego withdraw insyd December 2000.[9] Mauritania recently cam sign new associate-membership agreement insyd August 2017.[11]

Morocco officially request say ewan join ECOWAS insyd February 2017.[12] Dema application be endorse in principle at de summit of heads of state insyd June 2017,[13][14] buh Morocco ein bid for membership dem stall am.[15]

ECOWAS suspend Mali on 30 May 2021, as edey follow ein second military coup within nine months.[16] Guinea too dem suspend am on 8 September 2021, shortly after military coup take place insyd de country.[17][18] Sanctions wey dem place for both countries top for 16 September.[19] For 10 January 2022, Mali cam announce ein decision say ego close ein borders den recall ein several ambassadors plus dem go give ECOWAS response sake of dema sanctions wey dem put for dema top sake of dem defer dema elections for four years. On 28 January 2022, Burkina Faso dem suspend am from ECOWAS secof military coup.[20]

ECOWAS member states
Country Area[21]

(km2)

Population[22]

(thousands)

GDP (nominal)

(millions USD)

GDP (PPP)

(millions intl.$)

Currency Official

language

Status
Benin 114,763 10,880 8,291 22,377 CFA franc French —
Burkina Faso 272,967 18,106 10,678 30,708 CFA franc French Dem suspend
Cape Verde 4,033 521 1,603 3,413 escudo Portuguese —
The Gambia 11,295 1,991 939 3,344 dalasi English —
Ghana 238,533 27,410 37,543 115,409 cedi English —
Guinea 245,857 12,609 6,699 15,244 franc French Dem suspend
Guinea-Bissau 36,125 1,844 1,057 2,685 CFA franc Portuguese —
Ivory Coast 322,463 22,702 31,759 79,766 CFA franc French —
Liberia 111,369 4,503 2,053 3,762 dollar English —
Mali 1,240,192 17,600 12,747 35,695 CFA franc Bambara Dem suspend
Niger 1,267,000 19,899 7,143 19,013 CFA franc French Dem suspend
Nigeria 923,768 211,400 481,066 1,093,921 naira English —
Senegal 196,712 15,129 13,610 36,625 CFA franc French —
Sierra Leone 72,300 6,453 4,215 10,127 leone English —
Togo 56,785 7,305 4,088 10,667 CFA franc French —
Total 5,114,162 338,052 623,491 1,482,756 —

Statistics for dema population, nominal GDP den purchasing power parity GDP we list dem for de below down dare. We carry all dese from World Bank ein estimates for 2015, as dem publish insyd December 2016.[23][24][25] Area data too dem take from a 2012 report as dem compile am by de United Nations Statistics Division.[26]

Structure

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Executive secretaries den presidos of de commission

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Executive Secretary Country For office insyd
Inaugural holder Aboubakar Diaby Ouattara[27] Ivory Coast January 1977 – 1985
Momodu Munu Sierra Leone 1985–1989
Abass Bundu 1989–1993
Édouard Benjamin Guinea 1993–1997
Lansana Kouyaté September 1997 – 31 January 2002
Mohamed Ibn Chambas Ghana 1 February 2002 – 31 December 2006
Mohamed Ibn Chambas 1 January 2007 – 18 February 2010
James Victor Gbeho 18 February 2010 – 1 March 2012
Kadré Désiré Ouedraogo Burkina Faso 1 March 2012 – 4 June 2016
Marcel Alain de Souza Benin 4 June 2016 – 1 March 2018
Jean-Claude Brou Ivory Coast 1 March 2018 – 3 July 2022
Omar Touray Gambia 3 July 2022 – Till date

Chairpersons[28]

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Chairperson Country In office
Yakubu Gowon Nigeria 28 May 1975 – 29 July 1975
Gnassingbé Eyadéma Togo 29 July 1975 – 13 September 1977
Olusegun Obasanjo Nigeria 13 September 1977 – 30 September 1979
Léopold Sédar Senghor Senegal 30 September 1979 – 31 December 1980
Gnassingbé Eyadéma Togo 1980–1981
Siaka Stevens Sierra Leone 1981–1982
Mathieu Kérékou Benin 1982–1983
Ahmed Sékou Touré Guinea 1983–1984
Lansana Conté 1984–1985
Muhammadu Buhari Nigeria 1985 – 27 August 1985
Ibrahim Babangida 27 August 1985 – 1989
Dawda Jawara Gambia 1989–1990
Blaise Compaoré Burkina Faso 1990–1991
Dawda Jawara Gambia 1991–1992
Abdou Diouf Senegal 1992–1993
Nicéphore Soglo Benin 1993–1994
Jerry Rawlings Ghana 1994 – 27 July 1996
Sani Abacha Nigeria 27 July 1996 – 8 June 1998
Abdulsalami Abubakar 9 June 1998 – 1999
Gnassingbé Eyadéma Togo 1999–1999
Alpha Oumar Konaré Mali 1999 – 21 December 2001
Abdoulaye Wade Senegal 21 December 2001 – 31 January 2003
John Kufuor Ghana 31 January 2003 – 19 January 2005
Mamadou Tandja Niger 19 January 2005 – 19 January 2007
Blaise Compaoré Burkina Faso 19 January 2007 – 19 December 2008
Umaru Musa Yar'Adua Nigeria 19 December 2008 – 18 February 2010
Goodluck Jonathan 18 February 2010 – 17 February 2012
Alassane Ouattara Ivory Coast 17 February 2012 – 17 February 2013
John Mahama Ghana 17 February 2013 – 19 May 2015
Macky Sall Senegal 19 May 2015 – 4 June 2016
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf Liberia 4 June 2016 – 4 June 2017
Faure Gnassingbé Togo 4 June 2017 – 31 July 2018
Muhammadu Buhari Nigeria 31 July 2018 – 29 June 2019
Mahamadou Issoufou Niger 29 June 2019 – 2 June 2020
Nana Akufo-Addo Ghana 2 June 2020 – 3 July 2022
Umaro Sissoco Embaló Guinea-Bissau 3 July 2022 – 9 July 2023
Bola Tinubu Nigeria 9 July 2023 – Till date

Community Parliament

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De Community Parliament dey consist of 115 members, dem distribute based on de population of each member state.[29] De Speaker of de Parliament dey head dis body, wey be above de Secretary General.

Country Parliament Seats
Benin 5
Burkina Faso 6
Cape Verde 5
Gambia 5
Ghana 8
Guinea 6
Guinea-Bissau 5
Ivory Coast 7
Liberia 5
Mali 6
Niger 6
Nigeria 35
Senegal 6
Sierra Leone 5
Togo 5

References

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  1. ↑ "Members of the ECOWAS – Economic Community of West African States". Worlddata.info. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
  2. ↑ "Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)". United States Trade Representative. Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  3. ↑ "Revised ECOWAS Treaty (1993) | International Investment Agreements Navigator | UNCTAD Investment Policy Hub". investmentpolicy.unctad.org. Archived from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  4. ↑ Limited, Daniel Inaju-Challydoff. "Fundamental Principles | Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)". Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  5. ↑ Adepoju, A.; Boulton, A.; Levin, M. (September 2010). "Promoting Integration Through Mobility: Free Movement Under Ecowas". Refugee Survey Quarterly. 29 (3): 120–144. doi:10.1093/rsq/hdq032.
  6. ↑ "ECOWAS to promote regional development through tourism". Agence de Presse Africaine. 31 May 2019. ProQuest 2232643790.
  7. ↑ Adeyemi, Segun (6 August 2003). "West African Leaders Agree on Deployment to Liberia". Jane's Defence Weekly.
  8. ↑ "The 5 previous West African military interventions". Yahoo News. AFP. 20 January 2017. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Pazzanita, Anthony (2008). Historical Dictionary of Mauritania. Scarecrow Press. pp. 177–178. ISBN 978-0-8108-6265-4.
  10. ↑ Odeyemi, Temitayo Isaac (2020), Oloruntoba, Samuel Ojo (ed.), "Regional Integration and the Political Economy of Morocco's Desire for Membership in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)", Pan Africanism, Regional Integration and Development in Africa, Springer International Publishing, pp. 97–123, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-34296-8_6, ISBN 978-3-030-34295-1, S2CID 216250685
  11. ↑ Okanla, Karim (15 February 2019). "Like a magnet". D+C, Development and Cooperation. Archived from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
  12. ↑ "Afrique". Diplomatie.ma. 24 February 2017. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019.
  13. ↑ "Togolese president Faure Gnassingbe takes the reins of the ECOWAS Authority of Heads of State and Government". 7 June 2017. Archived from the original on 8 June 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
  14. ↑ Odeyemi, Temitayo Isaac (2020), Oloruntoba, Samuel Ojo (ed.), "Regional Integration and the Political Economy of Morocco's Desire for Membership in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)", Pan Africanism, Regional Integration and Development in Africa, Springer International Publishing, pp. 97–123, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-34296-8_6, ISBN 978-3-030-34295-1, S2CID 216250685
  15. ↑ Imru AL Qays Talha Jebril (13 February 2020). "Morocco-ECOWAS: Good intentions are not enough". Moroccan Institute for Policy Analysis. Archived from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
  16. ↑ "ECOWAS suspends Mali over second coup in nine months". Al Jazeera. 31 May 2021. Archived from the original on 6 June 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  17. ↑ Samb, Saliou; Eboh, Camillus; Inveen, Cooper (9 September 2021). Heritage, Timothy; Orlofsky, Steve; Pullin, Richard (eds.). "West African leaders due in Guinea as post-coup calm pervades Conakry". Reuters. Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  18. ↑ https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58487925
  19. ↑ Christian, Akorlie; Samb, Saliou; Felix, Bate; Inveen, Cooper; Prentice, Alessandra (17 September 2021). Cawthorne, Andrew; Choy, Marguerita; McCool, Grant (eds.). "West African bloc resorts to sanctions over Guinea and Mali coups". Reuters. Archived from the original on 17 September 2021. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  20. ↑ "West African regional bloc suspends Burkina Faso's membership over coup". France 24. 28 January 2022. Archived from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
  21. ↑ "Demographic Yearbook – Population by sex, annual rate of population increase, surface area and density" (PDF). United Nations Statistics Division. 2012. pp. 1–2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  22. ↑ "Population 2015" (PDF). World Bank. 16 December 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 January 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  23. ↑ "Population 2015" (PDF). World Bank. 16 December 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 January 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  24. ↑ "Gross domestic product 2015" (PDF). World Bank. 16 December 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 December 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  25. ↑ "Gross domestic product 2015, PPP" (PDF). World Bank. 16 December 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 December 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  26. ↑ "Demographic Yearbook – Population by sex, annual rate of population increase, surface area and density" (PDF). United Nations Statistics Division. 2012. pp. 1–2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  27. ↑ Ajulo, Sunday Babalola (1989). "The Economic Community of West African States and International Law". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 27 (2): 233–250. doi:10.1017/S0022278X0000046X. ISSN 0022-278X. JSTOR 160849. S2CID 154306079.
  28. ↑ History, Directorate of Communication, ECOWAS Commission, 2024, archived from the original on 14 January 2024, retrieved 30 January 2024
  29. ↑ "About Us – ECOWAS Parliament". ecowasparliament. 17 September 2016. Archived from the original on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
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