Hausa people

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Hausa people
ethnic group
Native languageHausa Edit
Hausa people dema flag

De Hausa (autonyms give singular: Bahaushe (m), Bahaushiya (f); plural: Hausawa den general: Hausa;[1] exonyms: Ausa; Ajami: مُوْتَانَنْ هَوْسَ) be de largest ethnic group for West den Central Africa insyd, wey dem dey speak de Hausa language, wey e san be de second most spoken language after Arabic for de Afro-Asiatic language family insyd.[2][3] De Hausa be diverse but culturally homogeneous people wey dem base primarily for de Sahelian insyd den de sparse savanna areas for southern Niger den northern Nigeria respectively,[4] dem dey number around 52 million people plus significant indigenized populations for Benin insyd, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Chad, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Togo, Ghana,[5] as well as smaller populations insyd Sudan, Eritrea,[6] Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Senegal den The Gambia.

Predominantly Hausa-speaking communities scatter thru out West Africa den for de traditional Hajj route north den east top wey dey traverse de Sahara, plus an especially large population for den around Agadez town insyd.[7] Oda Hausa san move go large coastal cities for de region lyk Lagos, Port Harcourt, Accra, Abidjan, Banjul den Cotonou insyd as well as parts of North Africa lyk Libya ova de course of de last 500 years. De Hausa traditionally dey live for small villages as well as for precolonial towns den cities insyd where dem dey grow crops, raise livestock wey dey include cattle as well as engage for trade insyd, both local den long distance across Africa. Dem dey speak de Hausa language, Afro-Asiatic language of de Chadic group. De Hausa aristocracy get historically develop equestrian base culture.[8] Still be status symbol give de traditional nobility for Hausa society insyd, de horse still dey feature for de Eid day celebrations insyd, wey be known as Ranar Sallah (for English insyd: de Day of de Prayer).[9] Daura city be de cultural center give de de Hausa people. De town dey predates all de oda major Hausa towns for tradition den culture insyd.[10]

Population distribution[edit | edit source]

De Hausa get, for de last 500 years insyd, dem criss-cross de vast landscape for Africa in all ein four corners secof chaw reasons wey dey range from military service,[11][12] long-distance trade, hunting, performance of hajj, dem dey flee from oppressive Hausa feudal kings as well as dem dey spread Islam.[13] De table below dey show Hausa ethnic population distribution by country of indigenization, outside of Nigeria den Niger:[14][15]

Country Population
Ivory Coast 835,000
Sudan 3,000,000[16]
Cameroon 400,000[17]
Chad 287,000
Ghana 281,000
Central African Republic 33,000
Eritrea 30,000[6]
Benin 36,360[18]
Equatorial Guinea 26,000
Togo 21,000[19]
Congo 12,000
Gabon 17,000[20]
Algeria 11,000
Gambia 10,000

Architecture[edit | edit source]

Dem dey characterize Hausa building by de use of dry mud bricks for cubic structures insyd, multi-storied buildings give de social elite, de use of parapets wey dey relate plus dema military/fortress building past, den traditional white tucco den plaster give house fronts. For tyms dem fi decorate de facades plus various abstract relief designs, sam tyms dem paint for vivid colours so say e go convey information about de occupant.

  • Gate of gidan rumfa
    Gate of gidan rumfa
  • Kano Museum
    Kano Museum
  • De ancient Gobirau minaret for Katsina insyd
    De ancient Gobirau minaret for Katsina insyd
  • House dem build for 1959 insyd. Dem take de photo for Agadez, Niger insyd (1997)
    House dem build for 1959 insyd. Dem take de photo for Agadez, Niger insyd (1997)

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Adamu, Muhammadu Uba (2019). Sabon tarihin : asalin hausawa (Bugu na biyu ed.). Kano: MJB Printers. OCLC 1120749202.
  2. ↑ Wood, Sam (17 June 2020). "All In The Language Family: The Afro-Asiatic Languages". Babbel Magazine. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  3. ↑ "Hausa". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2022-01-17.
  4. ↑ Gusau, Sa'idu Muhammad (1996). Makad̳a da mawak̳an Hausa. Kaduna. ISBN 978-31798-3-7. OCLC 40213913.
  5. ↑ "Hausa". Ethnologue. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Nigerian Eritreans – The history of Hausa and Bargo in Eritrea". Madote.
  7. ↑ Adamu, M (1987). the Hausa factor in west African History, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria - Nigeria.
  8. ↑ Koops, Katrin (1996). The role of the horse in Hausa culture (Thesis). Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  9. ↑ "Horse Talk: Horse Breeding in Niger Esther Garvi: Niger, West Africa". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  10. ↑ Lugga, S. Abubakar (2004). The Great Province. lugga press. pp. 12–15.
  11. ↑ Ellis, Alfred Burdon (1894). The Yoruba-speaking Peoples of the Slave Coast of West Africa: Their Religion, Manners, Customs, Laws, Language, Etc. With an Appendix Containing a Comparison of the Tshi, Gã, Ew̜e, and Yoruba Languages. Chapman and Hall. p. 12.
  12. ↑ Parris, Ronald G. (1995-12-15). Hausa: (Niger, Nigeria). The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-8239-1983-3.
  13. ↑ "Missionsakademie an der Universität Hamburg". Missionsakademie an der Universität Hamburg (in German). Retrieved 2024-04-10.
  14. ↑ "Ethnologue.com entry for Hausa". Archived from the original on 2009-01-31. Retrieved 2011-07-25.
  15. ↑ (insyd French) "La famille chamito-sémitique (ou afro-asiatique)". www.tlfq.ulaval.ca. Universite Laval. 1 January 2016. Archived from the original on 5 August 2011. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
  16. ↑ "Hausas in Sudan: The pilgrims' descendants fighting for acceptance". BBC World. 22 July 2022.
  17. ↑ "PeopleGroups.org – Hausa". PeopleGroups.org.
  18. ↑ "Beninese Culture – Haoussa 0.3%". Beninembassy.us. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  19. ↑ "PeopleGroups.org – Hausa". PeopleGroups.org.
  20. ↑ "Hausa in Gabon". Joshua Project. Retrieved 7 December 2023.

Bibliography[edit | edit source]

  • Bivins, Mary Wren. Telling Stories, Making Histories: Women, Words, and Islam in Nineteenth-Century Hausaland and the Sokoto Caliphate (Portsmouth, New Hampshire, Heinemann, 2007) (Social History of Africa).
  • Being and becoming Hausa: interdisciplinary perspectives. African social studies series. Anne Haour, Benedetta Rossi (eds.). Leiden; Boston: Brill. 2010. ISBN 9789004185425.
  • Liman, Abubakar Aliyu. "Memorializing a legendary figure: Bayajidda the prince of Bagdad in Hausa land." Afrika Focus 32.1 (2019): 125–136. [2]
  • Philips, John Edward. "Hausa in the Twentieth Century: An Overview." in Sudanic Africa, vol. 15, 2004, pp. 55–84. online, on the language of the people
  • Salamone, Frank A. (2010). The Hausa of Nigeria. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. ISBN 9780761847243.
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